Residual disease after operative hysteroscopy in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer associated with polyps / Doença residual após histeroscopia cirúrgica em pacientes com câncer de endométrio endometrioide associado a pólipo endometrial

Abstract Objective To evaluate the presence of residual disease in the uterine specimen after hysteroscopic polypectomy or polyp biopsy in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC). Methods We analyzed a series of 104 patients (92 cases from the Hospital AC Camargo and 12 from the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo) with polyps that were diagnosed by hysteroscopy, showing endometrioid EC associated with the polyp or in the final pathological specimen. Patients underwent a surgical approach for endometrial cancer from January 2002 to January 2017. Their clinical and pathological data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records. Results In78cases (75%), thepolyphad EC, and in 40(38.5%), itwas restricted tothe polyp, without endometrial involvement. The pathologic stage was IA in 96 cases (92.3%) and 90 (86.5%) had histologic grade 1 or 2. In 18 cases (17.3%), there was no residual disease in the final uterine specimen, but only in 9 of them the hysteroscopy suggested that the tumor was restricted to the polyp. In 5 cases (4.8%) from the group without outside of the polyp during hysteroscopy, myometrial invasion was noted in the final uterine specimen. This finding suggests the possibility of disease extrapolation through the base of the polyp. Conclusion Patients with endometrioid EC associated with polyps may have the tumor completely removed during hysteroscopy, but the variables shown in the present study could not safely predict which patient would have no residual disease.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a presença de doença residual no exame anatomopatológico definitivo de pacientes com câncer de endométrio endometrioide após polipectomia ou biópsia de pólipo histeroscópica. Métodos Analisamos 104 pacientes (92 casos do Hospital AC Camargo e 12 casos do Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo) com pólipos diagnosticados durante histeroscopia e cuja biópsia histeroscópica ou exame patológico final do útero acusaram câncer de endométrio endometrioide. As pacientes foram submetidas a cirurgia para câncer de endométrio de janeiro de 2002 a janeiro de 2017. Os dados clínicos e anatomopatológicos de cada paciente foram retirados dos prontuários médicos Resultados Em 78 casos (75%), o pólipo continha a neoplasia, e em 40 (38.5%), ela estava restrita ao tecido do pólipo, sem envolvimento endometrial adjacente. O estadio final foi IA em 96 casos (92.3%) e em 90 (86.5%) tratava-se de grau 1 ou 2. Em 18 casos (17.3%), não havia doença residual no espécime uterino, mas emapenas 9 deles a histeroscopia sugeriu doença restrita ao pólipo. Em 5 casos (4.8%), não havia doença aparente extrapólipo na histeroscopia, mas havia invasão miometrial, sugerindo extravasamento do tumor pela base do pólipo. Conclusão Pacientes com câncer de endométrio associado a pólipos podem ter o tumor completamente removido durante a histeroscopia, mas, com as variáveis avaliadas, é difícil predizer com segurança qual paciente ficará sem tumor residual.

Surgical treatment of malignant colon polyps / Tratamento cirúrgico do pólipo maligno do cólon

ABSTRACT Background: In the therapeutic decision about the malignant colon polyp, several factors predicting residual disease after the endoscopic resection guide the decision of surveillance or surgical intervention. This is a challenging decision, because even in the presence of high-risk predictors currently used, only 15-30% of the patients will have residual disease in the surgical specimen. Objective: To evaluate patients with a diagnosis of malignant colon polyp at the Hospital Center of São João, who were indicated for surgical treatment, studying the predictors of residual disease in the surgical specimen. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out, based on the patients with malignant colon polyp diagnosed and treated at the Hospital Center of São João in the city of Porto, Portugal, between 2009 and 2016. The endoscopic, anatomopathological, surgical and follow-up data were reviewed. Results: Of the total number of patients in the study (n = 96), 59 (61.5%) were indicated for surgery after a multidisciplinary discussion. Of this group, 21 patients (35.6%) had residual disease in the surgical specimen, with presence of lymph node invasion in 8 patients (13.6%). The presence of malignancy in the surgical resection specimen was statistically significantly associated with: size of the resected polyp (p = 0.023); sessile polyp (p = 0.007); piecemeal resection (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The persistence of malignancy in the surgical specimen was associated with larger sessile polyps and piecemeal removal. A significant number of patients did not show malignancy in the surgical resection specimen, with more markers being required to better stratify patients.

RESUMO Contexto: Na decisão terapêutica do pólipo maligno do cólon diversos fatores preditores de doença residual após a recessão endoscópica norteiam a decisão de vigilância ou intervenção cirúrgica. Esta é uma decisão desafiadora, uma vez que mesmo na presença dos preditores de alto risco usados atualmente, apenas 15% a 30% dos doentes terão doença residual na peça cirúrgica. Objetivo: Avaliar os doentes com diagnóstico de pólipo maligno do cólon no Centro Hospitalar de São João que foram orientados para tratamento cirúrgico, estudando os preditores de doença residual na peça cirúrgica. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo, tendo por base os doentes com pólipo maligno do cólon diagnosticado e tratado no Centro Hospitalar de São João no Porto, Portugal, entre 2009 e 2016. Os dados endoscópicos, anatomopatológicos, cirúrgicos e o seguimento foram revistos. Resultados: Do total de doentes em estudo (n = 96); 59 (61,5%) tiveram indicação para cirurgia após discussão multidisciplinar. Deste grupo, 21 doentes (35,6%) apresentavam doença residual na peça cirúrgica, com presença de invasão ganglionar em 8 doentes (13,6%). A presença de malignidade na peça de ressecção cirúrgica associava-se de forma estatisticamente significativa a: tamanho do pólipo ressecado (p = 0,023); pólipo séssil (p = 0,007); ressecção em piecemeal (p = 0,002). Conclusões: A persistência de malignidade na peça cirúrgica associou-se a pólipos sésseis, de maiores dimensões e à remoção em piecemeal. Um número importante de doentes não apresentava malignidade na peça de ressecção cirúrgica, sendo necessários mais marcadores para melhor estratificar os doentes.

Role of aggressive surgical cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer / 부인종양

Ovarian cancer is the eighth most frequent cancer in women and is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide. The majority of ovarian cancer patients are newly diagnosed presenting with advanced-stage disease. Primary cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant taxane- and platinum-based combination chemotherapy are the standard treatment for advanced ovarian cancer. A number of studies have consistently shown that successful cytoreductive surgery and the resultant minimal residual disease are significantly associated with survival in patients with this disease. Much has been written and even more debated regarding the competing perspectives of biology of ovarian cancer versus the value of aggressive surgical resection. This review will focus on the current evidences and outcomes supporting the positive impact of aggressive surgical effort on survival in the primary management of ovarian cancer.

Mixoma auricular izquierdo recurrente en niño de 2 años / Recurrent left atrial myxoma. Report of a case in a 2 year-old boy

Primary cardiac tumors are uncommon in pediatric patients. We report a two year-old boy, who presented a recurrent left atrial myxoma. He was referred for cardiologic evaluation because of cardiomegaly on a chest X-ray. An echocardiography showed a big left atrial tumor attached to the atrial septum. The tumor was uneventfully removed and the pathological examination confirmed a myxoma. He remained asymptomatic and during a follow up echocardiography two years later, a recurrent tumor was noted. He was successfully operated again, remaining free of a new recurrence after 3 years of follow up.

Avaliação do tecido glandular e neoplasia residual no retalho cutâneo após mastectomia com preservação de pele por câncer de mama / Evaluation of glandular tissue and residual tumor in the skin flap after slin-parking mastectomies due breast cancer

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de tecido glandular e neoplasia residual no retalho cutâneo de pacientes submetidas à mastectomia com preservação de pele (MPP). Quarenta e duas mulheres portadoras de carcinoma de mama, estadio 0 a III, foram submetidas à MPP entre junho de 2003 e janeiro de 2004. Antes da cirurgia, foram desenhadas duas linhas na pele da mama, representando as incisões da MPP e da mastectomia convencional. Após a cirurgia, o retalho cutâneo que permaneceria após a MPP foi retirado. Neste, foram avaliadas a presença de tecido glandular mamário, através da identificação de unidades ducto tubulares alveolares (UDTL), assim como, a presença de neoplasia residual, por microscopia óptica. Estes dados foram correlacionados com outros parâmetros clínicos e patológicos, através de teste exato de Fisher e curva ROC. Em 25/42 (59,5%) dos casos havia UDTL remanescente, associada significativamente com espessura do retalho cutâneo > 5 mm. Em 4/42 das pacientes havia neoplasia residual na pele, associada à espessura > 5mm e presença de UDTL. A curva ROC mostrou que conforme a espessura do retalho cutâneo diminui, também diminui a prevalência de UDTL. Foi concluído que alta prevalência de UDTL e de neoplasia residual estiveram associadas a espessuras de retalhos cutâneos > que 5 mm.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of glandular tissue and residual tumor in the skin flap after skin-sparing mastectomies (SSM). Forty-two breast cancer female patients, stage 0 - III, without clinical skin involvement, underwent SSM from June 2003 to January 2004. Before surgery, two lines were drawn on the breast skin, representing SSM and conventional mastectomy incisions. After surgery, the skin flap that would remain after SSM was removed and immediate breast reconstruction was begun. The presence and amount of remaining glandular breast tissues were histologically evaluated in the skin flap, identifying terminal duct-lobular units (TDLU) under an optical microscope, as well as the presence of residual disease. These data were correlated with other clinical and pathological parameters, using the Fisher exact test and ROC curve. The prevalence of residual breast tissue in the sample was 59,5% (25/42) and the presence of TDLU was significantly associated with skin flaps thicker than 5mm. Residual disease was found in 9,5% (4/42) of the women and associated with skin flaps > 5mm thick and presence of TDLU. The ROC curve showed that, as skin flaps reduces in thickness, the presence of TDLU also decreases. It was concluded that a high prevalence of glandular breast tissue and residual disease in the skin flap were associated with skin flaps thickness > 5mm.

Persistencia de lesión residual en pacientes conizadas por asa leep / Persistence of residual injury in patients submitted to loop electrosurgical excision

Se analizan 92 casos de pacientes histerectomizadas entre el 1 de junio de 1994 y el 1 de julio de 1999 que habían sido previamente conizadas con asa electroquirúrgica por lesiones de alto grado de cuello uterino. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el porcentaje de lesión residual y la relación compromiso de borde quirúrgico y persistencia de la enfermedad residual en la histerectomía. En un 31,5 por ciento de las histerectomías se encontró lesión residual persistente. No hubo diferencia significativa si el cono fue catalogado como suficiente (30,4 por ciento) o insuficiente (32,8 por ciento)

Reintervención para completar el tratamiento quirúrgico en cáncer de tiroides. Indicaciones y hallazgos histopatológicos / Reintervention to complete thyroid cancer surgical treatment. Indications and histopathological findings

En México, de 158 pacientes operados por cáncer de tiroides 39 por ciento requiere ser reintervenido para completar su tratamiento quirúrgico. Se revisaron las indicaciones y los hallazgos histopatológicos de 60 pacientes reoperados por: a) sospecha clínica de persistencia o recurrencia tumoral, b) pacientes con alto riesgo sometidos a lobectomía, c) histología diferente, d) carencia de información y e) metástasis distentes. La cirugía inicial correspondió en 53 casos (88 por ciento) a nodulectomía o lobectomía, en siete (11 por ciento) a tiroidectomía subtotal. En la reintervención se completó la tiroidectomía total en 50 casos y en 10 tiroidectomía "casi" total. Se les hizo además disección de cuello a 27 casos (45 por ciento). El estudio histopatológico mostró cáncer tiroideo en 32 casos (53 por ciento) y metástasis a ganglios en 28 (47 por ciento). Hubo seis casos (9 por ciento) de parálisis del nervio recurrente después de la primera intervención y dos (1.75 por ciento) en las reoperaciones. En cuatro pacientes reoperados (6.6 por ciento) se presentó hipoparatiroidismo permanente. Es indispensable completar la tiroidectomía y la disección de cuello en una alta proporción de pacientes con cáncer de tiroides operados inicialmente en los hospitales generales, debido al criterio inadecuado en la selección de la extensión de la tiroidectomía y en el tratamiento de las metástasis a ganglios cervicales. Los hallazgos histopatológicos justifican reintervenir para completar el tratamiento quirúrgico